Bibliography

Primary Sources

“African American History Trail.” Iron Hill Science Center, 2023.  https://ironhillsciencecenter.org/african-american-history-trail/.

 

Bates, Dewitt. "Transcript of Interview with Dewitt Bates: Recollections of Batestown in the Dumfries Magisterial District, Prince William County, Virginia." Interviewed by Tom Nelson, April 4, 1984. Prince William County Historical Commission Oral History Program.

 

"Book Week Observed at Summit." Manassas Journal, December 28, 1939. Virginia Chronicle.

 

"Brief Local News." Manassas Journal, June 14, 1918. Virginia Chronicle.

 

Brown, William H. Map of Prince William County, Virginia: compiled from U.S. Geological Survey and other data and corrected with the assistance of reliable residents of the county. Washington, D.C.: A. B. Graham Photo. Lith, 1901. Map. https://www.loc.gov/item/2006700181/.

 

"Ebenezer Baptist Marks 100 Years." Potomac News (Woodbridge, VA), November 28, 1983.

 

Harris, Marguerite and Joyce Webster. Interview by Marion Dobbins. "Marguerite Harris and Joyce Webster." Northern Virginia Civil Rights Archive, November 21, 2014. https://ethnography.gmu.edu/collections/novacra/marguerite-harris-and-joyce-webster.

 

Haydon, Richard C. "An Administrative Study of the Public School System in Prince William County, Virginia." Master's thesis. University of Virginia, 1935.

 

Historic Occoquan, Inc. "Transcript of Interview with Historic Occoquan, Inc. (Schools)." Interviewed by Tom Nelson, September 24, 1985. Prince William County Historical Commission Oral History Project.

 

"Honor Roll, Prince William County Schools." Manassas Journal, November 3, 1932. Virginia Chronicle.

 

Layton, Julia Mason. “Trip to Occoquan.” Washington Bee, March 18, 1911. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84025891/1911-03-18/ed-1/seq-1/.

 

"Manassas to Show Biggest Gain; Most in Elementary." Manassas Journal, September 7, 1950. Virginia Chronicle.

 

"One family's request began desegregation." Potomac News (Woodbridge, VA), February 10, 1993.

 

"Patrons Pleased by Pupils." Manassas Journal, May 26, 1938. Virginia Chronicle.

 

Perez-Gonzalez, Johnny. “Vandals Strike Delaware Black History Trail Just Two Weeks after Its Debut.” WHYY, March 14, 2023. https://whyy.org/articles/delaware-iron-hill-museum-black-history-trail-vandalism/.

 

Potomac News. Home Place: Prince William County, A Series of Articles from the Potomac News, 1986. Woodbridge, VA: MinuteMan Press, 1990.

 

Prince William County Circuit Court Clerk's Office. "Deed between Henry F. Duty and the New School Baptist Church." Deed Book 34, page 46. Prince William County, VA: June 21, 1881. https://www4.pwcva.gov/Web/document/DOCC4185904?search=DOCSEARCH82S2.

 

Prince William County Circuit Court Clerk's Office. "Deed between Janie Duty and the Occoquan Progressive Lodge of Odd Fellows, No. 6876." Deed Book 59, page 498. Prince William County, VA: April 22, 1909. https://www4.pwcva.gov/Web/document/DOCC4196860? search=DOCSEARCH82S2.

 

Prince William County Circuit Court Clerk's Office. "Deed between John H. Carr and the Occoquan District School Board." Deed Book 42, page 97. Prince William County, VA: September 28, 1892. https://www4.pwcva.gov/Web/document/DOCC4189261?search=DOCSEARCH82S2.

 

Prince William County School Board. "Report of Teachers Contracted with for Prince William Division, September 15, 1919." Lucy Walsh Phinney Collection, 1991-1993, Prince William Public Libraries. Prince William County, VA: September 15, 1919.

 

Prince William County School Board. Transcribed by Morgan Breeden. Minutes of the Prince William County School Board July 2, 1923 – August 3, 1927, Book 2, December 2011. https://www.historicprincewilliam.org/county-history/schools/book2.pdf.

 

Prince William County School Board. Transcribed by Morgan Breeden. Minutes of the Prince William County School Board September 4, 1927 – June 7, 1933, Book 3, February 2012. https://historicprincewilliam.org/county-history/schools/book3.pdf.

 

Prince William County School Board. Transcribed by Morgan Breeden. Minutes of the Prince William County School Board July 5, 1933 – June 24, 1939, Book 4, December 2013. https://historicprincewilliam.org/county-history/schools/book4.pdf.

 

Prince William County School Board. Transcribed by Morgan Breeden. Minutes of the Prince William County School Board, July 7, 1943 – June 16, 1947, Book 6, 2014. https://historicprincewilliam.org/county-history/schools/book6.pdf.

 

"School Enrollment Up 23 Pct.; Occoquan, Nokesville Leaders." Manassas Journal, September 13, 1951. Virginia Chronicle.

 

"Sealed Bids Wanted." Manassas Journal, July 30, 1915. Virginia Chronicle.

 

"Summit School." Circuit (Catlett, VA), February 2, 1940. Virginia Chronicle.

 

Terrell, Joyce Russell. A Blues Song of My Own. Signal Mountain, TN: CASI Publishing, 2009.

 

Trescott, Jacqueline. “The Remembrances of a Pioneer.” Washington Post, December 6, 1987. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1987/12/06/the-remembrances-of-a- pioneer/5abbb4be-9c66-42b1-96e5-1b1db245b14c/.

 

Secondary Sources

McKittrick, Katherine. Demonic Grounds: Black Women and the Cartographies of Struggle. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2006.

 

Morris, Jerome E., Benjamin D. Parker, and Luimil M. Negrón. “Black School Closings Aren’t New: Historically Contextualizing Contemporary School Closings and Black Community Resistance.” Educational Researcher 51, no. 9 (2022): 575–83. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x221131504.

 

Phinney, Lucy Walsh. Yesterday's Schools: Public Elementary Education in Prince William County, Virginia, 1869-1969: A Social and Educational History of a Rural County in Virginia. Richmond, VA: R. E. F. Typesetting & Publishing, Incorporated, 1993.

 

Porta, Earnie. Images of America: Occoquan. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2010.

By Stephanie Martinez

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